HISTORY:
Android is the most widely used operating system All around the world. Android, Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California in October 2003 by Andy Rubin, Rich miner, Nick Sears , and Chris White.
In July 2005, Google acquired Android Inc. for at least $50 million. Since 2008, Android has seen numerous updates which have incrementally improved the operating system, adding new features and fixing bugs in previous releases.
It has over 1 million android apps published and 50 billion downloaded.
Talking about its versions from the beginning.
• Android 1.0 (September 23,2008)
Android Market application download and updates through the Market application
Web browser to show, zoom and pan full HTML and XHTML web pages – multiple pages show as windows ("cards")
Camera support – however, this version lacked the option to change the camera's resolution, white balance, quality, etc.
• Android 1.1 (February 9,2009)
Details and reviews available when a user searches for businesses on Maps
Longer in call screen timeout default when using the speakerphone, plus ability to show/hide dial pad
Ability to save attachments in messages
Support added for marquee in system layouts
• Android 1.5 Cupcake (April 27, 2009)
Support for third party virtual keyboards with text prediction and user dictionary for custom words
Support for Widgets – miniature application views that can be embedded in other applications (such as the Home screen) and receive periodic updates
Video recording and playback in MPEG4 and 3GP formats
• Android 1.6 Donut (September 15,2009)
Voice and text entry search enhanced to include bookmark history, contacts, and the web
Ability for developers to include their content in search results
Multilingual speech synthesis engine to allow any Android application to "speak" a string of text
Easier searching and ability to view app screenshots in Android Market• Android 2.0 Éclair (October 26,2009)
Expanded Account sync, allowing users to add multiple accounts to a device for synchronization of email and contacts
Microsoft Exchange email support, with combined inbox to browse email from multiple accounts in one page
Bluetooth 2.1 support
Ability to tap a Contacts photo and select to call, SMS, or email the person
delete oldest messages in a conversation automatically deleted when a defined limit is reached
• Android 2.0.1 Éclair (December 3,2009)
Minor API changes, bug fixes and framework behavioral changes
• Android 2.2 Froyo (May 20,2010)
Speed, memory, and performance optimizations
Additional application speed improvements, implemented through JIT compilation
Integration of Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine into the Browser application
Support for the Android Cloud to Device Messaging (C2DM) service, enabling push notifications
Improved Microsoft Exchange support, including security policies, auto discovery, GAL lookup, calendar synchronization and remote wipe
Improved application launcher with shortcuts to Phone and Browser applications
• Android 2.3 Gingerbread(December 6,2010)Updated user interface design with increased simplicity and speed
Support for extra large screen sizes and resolutions (WXGA and higher)
Native support for SIP VoIP internet telephony
Faster, more intuitive text input in virtual keyboard, with improved accuracy, better suggested text and voice input mode
Enhanced copy/paste functionality, allowing users to select a word by press hold, copy, and paste
• Android 3.0 Honeycomb (February 22,2011)
Added Action Bar, giving access to contextual options, navigation, widgets, or other types of content at the top of the screen
Simplified multitasking – tapping
Recent Applications in the System
Bar allows users to see snapshots of the tasks underway and quickly jump from one application to another
Redesigned keyboard, making typing fast, efficient and accurate on larger screen sizes
• Android 3.1 Honeycomb (May 10,2011)
UI refinements
Connectivity for USB accessories (USB on the Go).
Expanded Recent Applications list
• Android 3.2-3.2.6 Honeycomb (July 15,2011)
Improved hardware support, including optimizations for a wider range of tablets
Increased ability of applications to access files on the SD card, e.g. for synchronization
Compatibility display mode for applications that have not been optimized for tablet screen resolutions
New display support functions, giving developers more control over display appearance on different Android devices
• Android 4.0 Cream Sandwich (Oct 18,2011)
A speedier, smoother browser.
A data traffic monitor to help you avoid busting your network data limit.
More storage space for apps.
A new user-friendly action bar replacing the Menu button.
Face recognition for unlocking your phone.
The ability to decline calls with pre-penned text messages
• Android 4.0.3 Cream Sandwich (Dec. 16,2011)
Major refinements to the "Holo" interface with new Roboto font family
Soft buttons from Android 3.x are now available for use on phones
Separation of widgets in a new tab, listed in a similar manner to applications Easier to create folders, with a drag and drop style
Improved visual voicemail with the ability to speed up or slow down voicemail messages
Pinch to zoom functionality in the calendar
Integrated screenshot capture (accomplished by holding down the Power and Volume Down buttons) Improved error correction on the keyboard
• Android 4.1Jelly Bean (July 9,2012)
A higher frame rate makes swooping through menus and home screens feel buttery smooth.
View photos you've taken quickly by swiping from the camera to filmstrip view.
Widgets and apps politely move out of the way when you add new ones.
Notifications now include more information, such as photos or subject lines in emails
• Android 4.1.2 jelly bean (Nov. 13,2012)
Lock/home screen rotation support for the Nexus 7
One finger gestures to expand/collapse Notifications
Bug fixes and performance enhancements
• Android 4.3 jelly bean ( July 24,2013)
Some advancement in 4.1.2
• Android 4.4 kit Kat (October 31,2013)
Refreshed interface with white elements instead of Blue Clock no longer shows bold hours; All digits are thin. The H, M, and S markings for the stopwatch and timer have been removed, leaving just the numbers.
Ability for applications to trigger translucency in the navigation and status bars
Ability for applications to use "immersive mode" to keep the navigation and status bars hidden while maintaining user interaction
Action overflow menu buttons are always visible, even on devices with a "Menu" key, which was officially deprecated by Android 4.0.
Restriction for applications when accessing external storage, except for their own directories
• Android 5.0 lollypop(November 12,2014)
Support for print previews
Material design, bringing a restyled user interface
Refreshed lock screen, no longer supporting widgets
Refreshed notification tray and quick settings pull down
Project Volta, for battery life improvements
Searches can be performed within the system settings for quicker access to particular settings• Android 5.1-5.1.1 lollipop(March 9, 2015)
Ability to join Wi-Fi networks and control paired
Bluetooth devices from quick settings
Official support for multiple SIM cards
Device protection: if a device is lost or stolen it will remain locked until the owner signs into their Google account, even if the device is reset to factory settings. High definition voice calls, available between compatible devices running Android 5.1 Improvements to the notification priority system, to more closely replicate the silent mode that was removed in Android 5.0.• Android 6.0 marshmallow(October 9,2015)
Now on Tap feature
Doze mode
Alphabetically accessible vertical application drawer
Application search bar and favorites
Native fingerprint reader support
Direct Share feature for target specific sharing between apps
Do Not Disturb mode
App Linking for faster instinctive opening of links with corresponding applications
Larger Application folders with multiple pages Post install/
Runtime permission requests
USB Type support
Demo Mode feature for screenshot capture usage
Automatic full data backup and restore for apps
4K Display mode for apps
Android Market application download and updates through the Market application
Web browser to show, zoom and pan full HTML and XHTML web pages – multiple pages show as windows ("cards")
Camera support – however, this version lacked the option to change the camera's resolution, white balance, quality, etc.
• Android 1.1 (February 9,2009)
Details and reviews available when a user searches for businesses on Maps
Longer in call screen timeout default when using the speakerphone, plus ability to show/hide dial pad
Ability to save attachments in messages
Support added for marquee in system layouts
• Android 1.5 Cupcake (April 27, 2009)
Support for third party virtual keyboards with text prediction and user dictionary for custom words
Support for Widgets – miniature application views that can be embedded in other applications (such as the Home screen) and receive periodic updates
Video recording and playback in MPEG4 and 3GP formats
• Android 1.6 Donut (September 15,2009)
Voice and text entry search enhanced to include bookmark history, contacts, and the web
Ability for developers to include their content in search results
Multilingual speech synthesis engine to allow any Android application to "speak" a string of text
Easier searching and ability to view app screenshots in Android Market• Android 2.0 Éclair (October 26,2009)
Expanded Account sync, allowing users to add multiple accounts to a device for synchronization of email and contacts
Microsoft Exchange email support, with combined inbox to browse email from multiple accounts in one page
Bluetooth 2.1 support
Ability to tap a Contacts photo and select to call, SMS, or email the person
delete oldest messages in a conversation automatically deleted when a defined limit is reached
• Android 2.0.1 Éclair (December 3,2009)
Minor API changes, bug fixes and framework behavioral changes
• Android 2.2 Froyo (May 20,2010)
Speed, memory, and performance optimizations
Additional application speed improvements, implemented through JIT compilation
Integration of Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine into the Browser application
Support for the Android Cloud to Device Messaging (C2DM) service, enabling push notifications
Improved Microsoft Exchange support, including security policies, auto discovery, GAL lookup, calendar synchronization and remote wipe
Improved application launcher with shortcuts to Phone and Browser applications
• Android 2.3 Gingerbread(December 6,2010)Updated user interface design with increased simplicity and speed
Support for extra large screen sizes and resolutions (WXGA and higher)
Native support for SIP VoIP internet telephony
Faster, more intuitive text input in virtual keyboard, with improved accuracy, better suggested text and voice input mode
Enhanced copy/paste functionality, allowing users to select a word by press hold, copy, and paste
• Android 3.0 Honeycomb (February 22,2011)
Added Action Bar, giving access to contextual options, navigation, widgets, or other types of content at the top of the screen
Simplified multitasking – tapping
Recent Applications in the System
Bar allows users to see snapshots of the tasks underway and quickly jump from one application to another
Redesigned keyboard, making typing fast, efficient and accurate on larger screen sizes
• Android 3.1 Honeycomb (May 10,2011)
UI refinements
Connectivity for USB accessories (USB on the Go).
Expanded Recent Applications list
• Android 3.2-3.2.6 Honeycomb (July 15,2011)
Improved hardware support, including optimizations for a wider range of tablets
Increased ability of applications to access files on the SD card, e.g. for synchronization
Compatibility display mode for applications that have not been optimized for tablet screen resolutions
New display support functions, giving developers more control over display appearance on different Android devices
• Android 4.0 Cream Sandwich (Oct 18,2011)
A speedier, smoother browser.
A data traffic monitor to help you avoid busting your network data limit.
More storage space for apps.
A new user-friendly action bar replacing the Menu button.
Face recognition for unlocking your phone.
The ability to decline calls with pre-penned text messages
• Android 4.0.3 Cream Sandwich (Dec. 16,2011)
Major refinements to the "Holo" interface with new Roboto font family
Soft buttons from Android 3.x are now available for use on phones
Separation of widgets in a new tab, listed in a similar manner to applications Easier to create folders, with a drag and drop style
Improved visual voicemail with the ability to speed up or slow down voicemail messages
Pinch to zoom functionality in the calendar
Integrated screenshot capture (accomplished by holding down the Power and Volume Down buttons) Improved error correction on the keyboard
• Android 4.1Jelly Bean (July 9,2012)
A higher frame rate makes swooping through menus and home screens feel buttery smooth.
View photos you've taken quickly by swiping from the camera to filmstrip view.
Widgets and apps politely move out of the way when you add new ones.
Notifications now include more information, such as photos or subject lines in emails
• Android 4.1.2 jelly bean (Nov. 13,2012)
Lock/home screen rotation support for the Nexus 7
One finger gestures to expand/collapse Notifications
Bug fixes and performance enhancements
• Android 4.3 jelly bean ( July 24,2013)
Some advancement in 4.1.2
• Android 4.4 kit Kat (October 31,2013)
Refreshed interface with white elements instead of Blue Clock no longer shows bold hours; All digits are thin. The H, M, and S markings for the stopwatch and timer have been removed, leaving just the numbers.
Ability for applications to trigger translucency in the navigation and status bars
Ability for applications to use "immersive mode" to keep the navigation and status bars hidden while maintaining user interaction
Action overflow menu buttons are always visible, even on devices with a "Menu" key, which was officially deprecated by Android 4.0.
Restriction for applications when accessing external storage, except for their own directories
• Android 5.0 lollypop(November 12,2014)
Support for print previews
Material design, bringing a restyled user interface
Refreshed lock screen, no longer supporting widgets
Refreshed notification tray and quick settings pull down
Project Volta, for battery life improvements
Searches can be performed within the system settings for quicker access to particular settings• Android 5.1-5.1.1 lollipop(March 9, 2015)
Ability to join Wi-Fi networks and control paired
Bluetooth devices from quick settings
Official support for multiple SIM cards
Device protection: if a device is lost or stolen it will remain locked until the owner signs into their Google account, even if the device is reset to factory settings. High definition voice calls, available between compatible devices running Android 5.1 Improvements to the notification priority system, to more closely replicate the silent mode that was removed in Android 5.0.• Android 6.0 marshmallow(October 9,2015)
Now on Tap feature
Doze mode
Alphabetically accessible vertical application drawer
Application search bar and favorites
Native fingerprint reader support
Direct Share feature for target specific sharing between apps
Do Not Disturb mode
App Linking for faster instinctive opening of links with corresponding applications
Larger Application folders with multiple pages Post install/
Runtime permission requests
USB Type support
Demo Mode feature for screenshot capture usage
Automatic full data backup and restore for apps
4K Display mode for apps
ADVANTAGES
It has the most number of applications and mostly are free for users.
Its software is very light and does not create any great issue.
It is user friendly.
It requires minimum amount of RAM.
DISADVANTAGES
There are many ads, when people try to use free apps they irritate them alot.
It entertains lot of viruses.
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